European presence in Africa by 1875 consisted of just forts and trading posts along the coast and a few tiny colonies. That all changed after the Berlin Conference.

Between 1880 and 1910, Africa was divided up among the Europeans at the so-called Berlin Conference that took place in 1884. At this conference, fourteen European nations had convened to settle the political partitioning of Africa; but no African was to be invited or made privy to their decisions. Subsequently, for the next seven decades, decisions affecting Africa and its people were made not in Africa, but in London, Paris, Madrid, Lisbon and other European capitals.